Atrial flutter is an organized atrial tachyarrhythmia due to macro re-entry typically with saw tooth shaped flutter waves in the ECG. Atrial flutter can be classified into isthmus dependent and non-isthmus dependent. In the right atrium it is the cavotricuspid isthmus. In the left atrium there is mitral isthmus. Non isthmus dependent flutters are the scar related flutters and caval mediated flutters. Isthmus dependent flutter can be typical and reverse typical depending on whether the re-entry is counter-clockwise or clockwise.


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Atrial flutter




Atrial Flutter - Heart For Life
A very interesting ECG interpretation Prof. Ken Grauer! I find that in this tracing, the atrial activity is very clearly seen but it doesn't have the pattern of typical sawtooth of atrial flutter. So how can we dishtinguish between atrial flutter and arial tachycardia with block in this tracing, sir?



2. Rate & rhythm
Atrial flutter is an abnormal rhythm in the top part of the heart that generates an irregular pulse and alters the way the heart functions. Atrial flutter is more common in patients who have high blood pressure, heart valve disease, lung problems and heart failure. Atrial flutter can also occur in people with otherwise normal hearts.





Atrial fibrillation AF is a common tachycardia. It can be caused by many other underlying illness, especially in the acutely unwell patient such as sepsis , pneumonia , hyperthyroidism or other illness. It may be reversible by treating the underlying cause. It is also commonly found without an obvious precipitating factor, especially in older patients. These instances may present with symptoms of palpitations, or it may be discovered incidentally in the asymptomatic patient.

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